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一 | Brussels, Oct 13 (UNI) Ukraine's Nato-led allies have announced deliveries of advanced air defence weapons to Kyiv after a spate of Russian missile strikes.

The weaponry promised by the UK, Canada, France and the Netherlands includes missiles and radars. The US earlier made a similar pledge. One high-tech system from Germany is already in Ukraine, BBC reported.

The pledges come as Ukraine's allies from 50 countries meet at the Nato headquarters in Brussels. Kyiv hailed the summit as "historic", BBC said.

Hours later, Russian shelling hit the southern city of Mykolaiv on Thursday morning.

Monday and Tuesday saw some of the heaviest Russian bombardment in months when more than 100 missiles were launched, hitting energy infrastructure and other non-military targets. At least 19 people were killed on the first day of the strikes, which included hitting central Kyiv.

Russian President Vladimir Putin says the missile strikes were retaliation for an attack on a key bridge linking Russia and Crimea -- Ukraine's southern peninsula annexed by Moscow in 2014.

The UK will donate air defence missiles, as well as hundreds of aerial drones to support Ukraine's information gathering and logistics capabilities. It will also provide 18 howitzer artillery guns in addition to the 64 already delivered.

"Russia's latest indiscriminate strikes on civilian areas in Ukraine warrant further support to those seeking to defend their nation," said British Defence Secretary Ben Wallace.

French President Emmanuel Macron said Paris would supply air defence systems to Ukraine, the BBC reported.

The Netherlands said it would deliver €15m ($14.5m) worth of air defence missiles. Dutch Defence Minister Kajsa Ollongren said the Russian attacks "can only be met with unrelenting support for Ukraine and its people".

Canada pledged to provide more than C$47m ($34m) worth of military aid, including satellite communications and drone cameras.

Ukraine's military announced on Wednesday that the first of several "state-of-the-art IRIS-T SLM has been delivered from Germany to Ukraine". It said the air defence system would help protect the country "against terror".

Russia has repeatedly warned Ukraine's allies against supplying advanced weaponry to Kyiv, stressing this would make them participants of the war that Putin began in February.

UNI MR。在全球航空兵器竞争愈发激烈的当下，印度空军的未来规划引起广泛关注。然而，最近一次关于印度战斗机发展进程的访谈节目，却让这个曾经雄心壮志的军事梦显得有些不堪。刚刚退休的印度空军副参谋长纳格什·卡普尔在新德里电视台（NDTV）的节目中痛批印度斯坦航空公司（HAL），称其研发的“光辉”MK2战斗机毫无用处，不仅真相直击，也引发了关于中国和印度空军力量差距的深思。卡普尔在节目中指出，预计到2035年，“光辉”MK2才会开始量产，而此时中国可能已经装备了第六代战斗机。根据更为乐观的估算，未来几年内，中国空军的歼-20战斗机数量将从现在的500架飙升至1000架。而对比之下，印度空军所面临的压力及中印空中力量的差距，似乎远没有得到应有的重视。这种差距不仅体现在数量上，更在于技术的领先。以“光辉”系列战斗机的研发为例，从上世纪80年代启动的LCA计划就是个惨痛的教训。

二 | 到如今“光辉”MK1战斗机的交付问题频出，正是对这一历史教训的生动映射。虽然“光辉”MK2是被寄予厚望的一款战斗机，但卡普尔的直言无疑揭示了它的短板。这款被视为“光辉”系列最终改进版的战斗机，其研发与试飞周期依然漫长且不确定。即使在2026年首飞，形成战斗力也要到2038年，整个过程充满了变量。此外，MK2的核心技术，包括F414发动机的采购以及相关系统的集成，一直徘徊在延迟与不确定性之中。 HAL屡次延迟交付的背后，反映的是印度国防工业的低效与无能。即便经历了多次的计划调整和改进，最终的成果却依旧让人失望。印度空军希望通过“光辉”MK1A来提升自身实力，但迄今为止，HAL的交付时间已经一再推迟，甚至被迫接收“半成品”，这在任何军队中都几乎是不可想象的噩梦。万一“光辉”MK2真能按期研发完成，然而随着美国GE公司宣布将F414发动机大幅涨价，这一切似乎又添变数。当前，印度正遭遇来自美国的技术与价格的双重“痛宰”。如果说“光辉”MK2只是面临资金问题，那么未来的项目如TEDBF和AMCA则更是苦不堪言。由于在发动机选项上的局限，印度空军不得不开始寻找替代方案，然而这些方案大多在技术上没有保障，甚至连研发合同都未能落实。例如，印度国内的“卡佛里”发动机开发延迟，以至于这一计划几乎成为了笑柄；而与法国和英国企业的合作，则面临着研发技术转让的博弈，恐怕不久的将来也难以成功落地。